Ujung Kulon National Park is located at the western-most tip of Java-Indonesia. It includes the Panaitan island, Handeuleum island and Peucang island. The park encompasses an area of 1,206 km² (443 km² marine), most of which lies on a peninsula reaching into the Indian Ocean. The explosion of nearby Krakatau in 1883 produced a tidal wave that eliminated the villages and crops of the coastal areas on the western peninsula, and covered the entire area in a layer of ash about 30 cm thick. This caused the total evacuation of the peninsula by humans, thereby allowing it to become a repository for much of Java’s flora and fauna, and most of the remaining lowland forest on the island. Javan Rhinoceros in Ujung Kulon National Park in 1930.
It is Indonesia's first proposed national park and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991 for containing the largest remaining lowland rain forest in Java. It is also one of only two homes of the critically endangered Javan Rhinoceros. A population of fifty to sixty live in Ujung Kulon, a smaller population of possibly 10 or less, live in Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam. The park protects 57 rare species of plant. The 35 species of mammal include Banteng (Wild bull), Silvery Gibbon, Javan Lutung Black monkey) Crab-eating Macaque, Leopard, Java Mouse-deer and Rusa (Deer). There are also 72 species of reptiles and amphibians, and 240 species of birds.
The Land
The park 120,551 hectares are divided into 76,214ha. of land and 44,337 ha. Of surrounding be separated into three areas:-the triangular shaped Ujung Kulon peninsula, the Gunung Honje range to the east of the peninsula isthmus and the island of Panaitan to the north west.
Plant life
Ujung Kulon National park is one of the last remaining Natural forest in java and one of very few areas offering a profile of sea-shore to mountain top tropical vegetation. The park holds well over 700 species of plant life of which at least 57 are classified as rare in java, and perhaps The world.
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